TYPES OF CABLE

CABLE - It is a medium that connects computer in a network

TYPES OF CABLE

1. TWISTED PAIR CABLE

                                     

                                  

                                 ➤   common type of cable.

                                 ➤   have eight individual copper wire bundled together and covered with an                                                insulting material.

                                ➤   the copper wire is always color-code with a plastic insulation's and they are                                            twisted in pairs of a total of four pairs.

TYPES OD TWISTED PAIR CABLES

a. STP ( SHIELDED TWISTED PAIRS)

    ↣ often in used "noisy" environments where a shield of metallic foil is wrapped around each of the wire pairs, with an additional overall shielding to protect against excessive electromagnetic interference.

b. UTP (UNSDEHIELD TWISTED PAIRS)    

 ↣is the most common form of twisted pair wiring                                                                                   ↣it is less expensice and easier to work with than STP.    

2. COAXIAL CABLE

                                ➤   the standard media used by cable TV operators.

                                ➤  It consists of a plastic insulator that separates the solid copper inner                                                        conductor and the woven, copper braid outer conductor

                     

3. FIBER - OPTIC CABLE

                                ➤   has a reflective coating that allows the light beams to travel without outer                                             interference

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIGHT - THROUGH CABLE AND CROSS - OVER CABLE

STRAIGHT - THROUGH CABLE

*used to connect different type of devices 

(computer - switch), (switch - router), (router - computer).

                              

CROSS - OVER CABLE

*used to connect same type of devices

   (computer - computer), (switch - switch), (router- router)

Types of Network Topology

• Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.

Types of network topologies:

1.    LINEAR BUS TOPOLOGY

   **Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.

   
   
   

   Advantages of Bus Topology

   1. It is cost effective.
   2. Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
   3. Used in small networks.
   4. It is easy to understand.
   5. Easy to expand joining two cables together.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

1. Cables fails then whole network fails.
2. If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
3. Cable has a limited length.
4. It is slower than the ring topology.

  2. RING TOPOLOGY

  ** It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.

Advantages of Ring Topology

1. Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
2. Cheap to install and expand

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

1. Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
2. Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
3. Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.

3. STAR TOPOLOGY

**In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.

Advantages of Star Topology

1. Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
2. Hub can be upgraded easily.
3. Easy to troubleshoot.
4. Easy to setup and modify.
5. Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

1. Cost of installation is high.
2. Expensive to use.
3. If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.
4. Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity

4. MESH TOPOLOGY

**It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.

There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they are :

1. Routing
2. Flooding

MESH Topology: Routing

In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing logic to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which has information about the broken links, and it avoids those node etc. We can even have routing logic, to re-configure the failed nodes.

MESH Topology: Flooding

In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is required. The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load over the network.

Advantages of Mesh Topology

1. Each connection can carry its own data load.
2. It is robust.
3. Fault is diagnosed easily.
4. Provides security and privacy.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

1. Installation and configuration is difficult.
2. Cabling cost is more.
3. Bulk wiring is required.

5. HYBRID TOPOLOGY

**It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).

Advantages of Hybrid Topology

1. Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
2. Effective.
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology

1. Complex in design.
2. Costly.

                        SOURCE: www.studytonight.com

What are the types of computer networks?

           

• Different types of networks

                 

         One way to identify the different computer networks is design by their different scope of areas.

1.Personal Area Network

•          Often used at home, this network is more on connections between a computer and another gadget such as a telephone or a modem.    

2.Local Area Network  

•  A connection that’s used for groups of computers. This is common in small offices and internet cafes. This is where everyone can share files basically, and is also known to be a good way to connect between computers whenever they want to share an internet connection, or whenever they want to play games with each other.

 

3.Metropolitan Area Network

•  A more powerful version of the local area network where it can cover up the whole city in terms of connection. A huge server is usually used for this type of connection.

4.Wide Area Network

• This is a common type of network nowadays that’s made possible by wireless technology. Usually, a credential or service from a certain company is needed to enter a connection in this type of network, but there are others that can be used for free. This is good for internet connection. The internet is a well-known version of this one.

   

                                                                               Source:http://www.networking-basics.net     

How to be a responsible netizen?

         Being a netizen it is easy to access websites, search in a browser, surf and share some information by using the internet. A netizen must know their responsibilities when they are sharing information , posting, and giving a comment or else you will hurt/harm someone in your post.

Here are some tips to be a responsible netizen:

1. Be aware.

                                  *Awareness is a must. you need to be aware of what you are sharing especially if it is a fake news. read the your post before you share it to everyone. Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram are just some of the social networking sites that people may used. it may seem it is fun to used, but make sure you are responsible of what you share.

   2. Be smart                                                                                                                                              

       *Being smart of is one to be achieve. You need to be mindful of what you are sharing because if you dont know you are sharing. It is now easier for fake news to spread swiftly, especially in today’s generation wherein social networking sites becomes a trend and you can immediately share posts in just one click. Fake news can cause people to make bad decisions or can make them panic. So before sharing it, be smart.

3.Be truthful. 

          * Speak the truth and post only what you are sure of. Plagiarizing, piracy, unauthorized downloading or sharing of content may lead to trouble in the future. To avoid these, know the difference between free and copyrighted material as well as the need for taking responsibility of what you share online.